Occurrence of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreak is associated with heavy El-Niño rainfall.
Of the 69 herds that met the suspect RVF herd definition (abortion in flooded area), 24 (34.8%) were defined as probable (abortions, mortalities in the young ones, and/or hemorrhagic signs) but none were confirmed. The reported syndromes included 196 (54.1%) deaths in young livestock, 133 (36.7%) abortions, and 33 (9.1%) hemorrhagic diseases, with most occurring in November and December, the period of heaviest rainfall. During the 14-week surveillance period, the KDVS received 10,958 reports from participating farmers and surveillance officers, of which 362 (3.3%) had at least one syndrome. The surveillance collected data on RVF-associated syndromes in cattle, sheep, goats, and camels from >1100 farmers through 66 surveillance officers. In response to the alert, the Kenya Directorate of Veterinary Services (KDVS) carried out an enhanced syndromic surveillance system between November 2015 and February 2016, targeting 22 RVF high-risk counties in the country as identified previously through risk mapping. Kariuki Njenga, Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing 3, * Munyua, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, 6 and M. Thumbi, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, 3 Marc-Alain Widdowson, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, 6 Peninah M. Githinji, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, 1 Samuel M. Kemunto, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, 3 Matthew Muturi, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing, 4 Athman Mwatondo, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, 4 Eric Osoro, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, 4 Austine Bitek, Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing, 4 Bernard Bett, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing, 5 Jane W. This essay explores the idea that the history of a place is just as much about its physical environment as it is about superior technology or government.Harry Oyas, Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, # 1 Lindsey Holmstrom, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, # 2 Naomi P.
Jericho’s 14,000-year survival is a direct result of biological and geological advantages that explain why a settlement was established there in the first place.
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